{"id":2246,"date":"2025-10-06T14:17:16","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T14:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/TUFFplus.global\/?p=2246"},"modified":"2025-10-07T21:52:46","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T21:52:46","slug":"suria-luar-grid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/off-grid-solar\/","title":{"rendered":"TUFF+ DC ELECTRICS OFF GRID SOLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;rgba(61,124,57,0.17)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;SOLAR Off grid Electrics in TUFF+ house kits&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; title_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;#1A8E00&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; title_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; title_text_shadow_color=&#8221;#333333&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/TUFFplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Off-grid-DC-system-without-inverter.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Off-grid-DC-system-without-inverter&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_height=&#8221;398px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; border_radii=&#8221;on|12px|12px|12px|12px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset2&#8243; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<h1><span>Overview and architecture<\/span><\/h1>\n<h4><span>Direct-DC house (minimal AC conversion): DC from panels\/battery is distributed to DC-native loads (LED lighting, DC-DC appliances, electronics via built-in DC supplies). Very high efficiency for those loads; requires designing or replacing many household devices for DC compatibility.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span>DC microgrid with local AC conversion: PV \u2192 MPPT charge controller \u2192 DC battery bus (typically 48 V or higher) \u2192 inverter(s) required only where AC is needed. <br \/>DC is most common in off-grid and hybrid systems; reduces inverter runtime, improving efficiency and reliability.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span>Full AC house with PV\/inverter: PV \u2192 inverter \u2192 house AC panel; conventional, easiest to integrate with existing appliances and grid, but incurs conversion losses.<\/span><\/h4>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#EDF000&#8243; open_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#4f9e75&#8243; closed_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#082300&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; toggle_level=&#8221;h1&#8243; toggle_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; toggle_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; body_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; toggle_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; body_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset5&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Null&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display:none;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Key components for a DC-based house&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p><span>PV array with MPPT charge controllers sized to house load and location.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Battery bank designed for DC-bus voltage (24 V, 48 V, 120 V DC, or higher). Lithium batteries recommended for energy density and cycle life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>DC distribution bus and breaker panel: DC-rated wires, connectors, fuses, breakers, and isolation switches. DC circuit protection must be rated for continuous DC arcs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>DC-DC converters to provide standard voltages for devices (5 V, 12 V, 24 V, 48 V, 54 V, 120 V DC) as needed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Inverter(s) only if AC appliances or grid export\/import are required.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Monitoring, grounding, surge protection, and safety devices designed for DC systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span>DC-native appliances or retrofits: DC LED lighting, air-source heat pumps with DC compressors, DC refrigerators, DC HVAC controllers, DC EV chargers (or AC charger with inverter).<\/span><\/h4>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Efficiency, cost, and practicality&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; open=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<ul>\n<li>\n<p><span>Efficiency: Every AC\/DC or DC\/AC conversion adds loss. Eliminating unnecessary inverters and rectifiers improves system efficiency.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Cost and availability: DC-native household appliances are now available via the RV supply market. Battery and DC distribution costs vs. savings from reduced inverter hours should be evaluated.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span>Maintenance: DC systems require technicians familiar with DC safety and battery care.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;SOLAR DC Summary&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<ul>\n<li>\n<p><span>Running a house largely on SOLAR PV-generated DC is technically supportable and more efficient for DC-native loads, by selecting appropriate DC voltages, using DC-rated protection, and using DC built appliances.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A practical alternative for those who want standard 110V or 240V power is a DC battery bus with selective DC distribution plus an inverter for remaining AC loads; <\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span>Full DC-native houses are best in new-build scenarios where appliance choices and safety are planned from the start. That is what TUFF+ Houses supply.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;More about SOLAR&#8230;&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;#1A8E00&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; title_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#EDF000&#8243; open_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#4f9e75&#8243; closed_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#00381b&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; toggle_level=&#8221;h1&#8243; toggle_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; toggle_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; body_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; toggle_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; body_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset5&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;null&#8221; open=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display:none;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<p>A SIP is a prefabricated building panel consisting of an insulative core sandwiched between two structural facings, used for walls, roofs, and floors, offering a strong, energy-efficient, and cost-effective construction system that does not require wooden studs.<\/p>\n<div class=\"bsmXxe\" id=\"uKzuZ7-4L4K70PEP6sfxiQ4__66\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"K3KsMc\">\n<div class=\"zMgcWd dSKvsb\" data-il=\"\">\n<div data-crb-p=\"\">\n<div class=\"xFTqob\">\n<div class=\"Gur8Ad\"><span data-huuid=\"9837060494206651249\"><strong>Construction:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"vM0jzc\"><span data-huuid=\"9837060494206649986\">SIPs are manufactured in a factory, ensuring quality control and precision, and then transported to the construction site for assembly.<span jscontroller=\"JHnpme\" class=\"pjBG2e\" data-cid=\"5e98c1d6-0847-42bd-a1ef-4390922dfa91\" jsaction=\"rcuQ6b:npT2md\"><span class=\"UV3uM\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/FIREPROOF-SIP-INTERLOCK-300x251.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"251\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1908 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The structural facings used by TUFF+ are normally MgO (Magnesium Oxide) boards, which have a long history and are explained below.<\/p>\n<p>SIP Interior insulation can be a wide range of rigid insulative foams or materials including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Polyisocyanurate (polyiso) is a rigid, closed-cell foam insulation widely used in commercial and residential building construction, known for its high thermal efficiency, fire resistance, and moisture resistance.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">PU &#8211; Polyurethane<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Rockwool insulation, also known as stone wool or mineral wool, is a type of thermal insulation made from molten rock and recycled slag, offering excellent fire resistance, sound absorption, and durability.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">XPS insulation, or extruded polystyrene, is a rigid, closed-cell foam insulation material<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">EPS or extruded Polystyrene is very commonly used as SIP insulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SIP panels are pre-fabricated in a high tech<br \/>factory and shipped to the construction site, where they can be quickly assembled to form a tight, energy-efficient building envelope.<\/p>\n<p>There are now many types of SIP &#8211; TUFF+ focuses on MgO structural sides because of their strength and benefits.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/TYPES-of-SIP-300x197.jpg\" width=\"359\" height=\"236\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2114 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SIP-options-300x245.jpg\" width=\"322\" height=\"263\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2117 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Practical implementation steps (Technical)&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p><span>Audit loads: list appliances, power ratings, duty cycles; separate DC-friendly vs AC-only loads.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Choose DC-bus voltage that minimizes current while remaining safe and supported by equipment (48 V is a common starting point).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Size PV array and battery capacity to meet energy and autonomy goals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Design DC distribution with DC-rated breakers, wiring, and surge protection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Select DC-native appliances where cost-effective; use high-efficiency inverters only for unavoidable AC loads.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span>Install per local code with licensed professionals; include monitoring and maintenance plan.<\/span><\/h4>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Typical use cases&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p><span>Off-grid homes: DC battery bus with inverter backup is common to minimize inverter runtime and maximize efficiency.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Net-zero or grid-tied homes: PV with inverter, battery backup, and selective DC distribution for critical loads (lighting, comms, pumps).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tiny homes, RVs, boats: often run primarily on DC (12\u201348 V) because loads are smaller and designed for DC.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span>Remote telecom\/industrial sites: use high-voltage DC buses routinely for efficiency.<\/span><\/h4>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Appliance compatibility and retrofitting&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p><span>Electronics and LED lighting often accept DC internally; many devices such as phones and computers already use DC internally after AC-DC conversion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Resistive loads (electric water heaters, ovens) work on DC but require DC-rated controls.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Motors and compressors: most AC motors need inverters; modern HVAC and refrigeration increasingly use brushless DC motors that can run efficiently on DC via appropriate drives.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span>Cooking, clothes dryers, and most major appliances are now available in DC &#8211; exceptions are more challenging to convert; often easier to keep them AC and use a small inverter or hybrid approach where necessary.<\/span><\/h4>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;5px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;DC Safety and Implications&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;#1A8E00&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; title_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#EDF000&#8243; open_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#4f9e75&#8243; closed_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#002600&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; toggle_level=&#8221;h1&#8243; toggle_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; toggle_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; body_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; toggle_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; body_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset5&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;null&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display:none;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; open=&#8221;on&#8221;]<p>A SIP is a prefabricated building panel consisting of an insulative core sandwiched between two structural facings, used for walls, roofs, and floors, offering a strong, energy-efficient, and cost-effective construction system that does not require wooden studs.<\/p>\n<div class=\"bsmXxe\" id=\"uKzuZ7-4L4K70PEP6sfxiQ4__66\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"K3KsMc\">\n<div class=\"zMgcWd dSKvsb\" data-il=\"\">\n<div data-crb-p=\"\">\n<div class=\"xFTqob\">\n<div class=\"Gur8Ad\"><span data-huuid=\"9837060494206651249\"><strong>Construction:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"vM0jzc\"><span data-huuid=\"9837060494206649986\">SIPs are manufactured in a factory, ensuring quality control and precision, and then transported to the construction site for assembly.<span jscontroller=\"JHnpme\" class=\"pjBG2e\" data-cid=\"5e98c1d6-0847-42bd-a1ef-4390922dfa91\" jsaction=\"rcuQ6b:npT2md\"><span class=\"UV3uM\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/FIREPROOF-SIP-INTERLOCK-300x251.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"251\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1908 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The structural facings used by TUFF+ are normally MgO (Magnesium Oxide) boards, which have a long history and are explained below.<\/p>\n<p>SIP Interior insulation can be a wide range of rigid insulative foams or materials including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Polyisocyanurate (polyiso) is a rigid, closed-cell foam insulation widely used in commercial and residential building construction, known for its high thermal efficiency, fire resistance, and moisture resistance.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">PU &#8211; Polyurethane<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Rockwool insulation, also known as stone wool or mineral wool, is a type of thermal insulation made from molten rock and recycled slag, offering excellent fire resistance, sound absorption, and durability.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">XPS insulation, or extruded polystyrene, is a rigid, closed-cell foam insulation material<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">EPS or extruded Polystyrene is very commonly used as SIP insulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SIP panels are pre-fabricated in a high tech<br \/>factory and shipped to the construction site, where they can be quickly assembled to form a tight, energy-efficient building envelope.<\/p>\n<p>There are now many types of SIP &#8211; TUFF+ focuses on MgO structural sides because of their strength and benefits.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/TYPES-of-SIP-300x197.jpg\" width=\"359\" height=\"236\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2114 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SIP-options-300x245.jpg\" width=\"322\" height=\"263\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2117 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Key components for a DC-based house&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p><span>PV array with MPPT charge controllers sized to house load and location.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Battery bank designed for DC-bus voltage (24 V, 48 V, 120 V DC, or higher). Lithium batteries recommended for energy density and cycle life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>DC distribution bus and breaker panel: DC-rated wires, connectors, fuses, breakers, and isolation switches. DC circuit protection must be rated for continuous DC arcs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>DC-DC converters to provide standard voltages for devices (5 V, 12 V, 24 V, 48 V, 54 V, 120 V DC) as needed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Inverter(s) only if AC appliances or grid export\/import are required.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Monitoring, grounding, surge protection, and safety devices designed for DC systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span>DC-native appliances or retrofits: DC LED lighting, air-source heat pumps with DC compressors, DC refrigerators, DC HVAC controllers, DC EV chargers (or AC charger with inverter).<\/span><\/h4>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Building Safety and code&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p><span>DC behaves differently from AC: arcs are harder to quench, polarity needs careful management, and equipment must be DC-rated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Electrical codes: NEC (US) and national\/local codes regulate installation, battery storage, inverter interconnection, and DC bus implementations. Some jurisdictions require licensed electricians and inspections.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span>Isolation and emergency disconnects are mandatory. Firefighting and first-responder considerations must be addressed.<\/span><\/h4>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;DC Voltage choices and implications&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p><span>Low-voltage DC (12 V, 24 V): easy for small loads, high currents for household power \u2014 large copper conductors, higher losses; better for lighting, small appliances.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Medium-voltage DC (48\u201360 V): common compromise \u2014 safer (below extra-low\/high risk thresholds varies by jurisdiction), lower current, common battery standard.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span>TUFF+ does not use High-voltage DC (120\u2013400 V+): reduced currents and conductor size, which\u00a0 requires stricter insulation, safety, and DC-rated equipment; 120\u2013380 VDC bus is used in advanced microgrids and telecom\/industry.<\/span><\/h4>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#003d00&#8243; header_text_color=&#8221;#023B77&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<h2><span lang=\"EN-CA\">Efficiency, cost, and practicality<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/h2>\n<h5><strong>RUNNING COSTS are low and can be ZERO!<\/strong><\/h5>\n<h5><span><br \/>If used in a tropical or sunny climate, the electricity generated and stored in a TUFF+ house battery block can be sufficient to run lights, appliances and air-conditioning all day and night. <\/p>\n<p>TUFF+ converts \u00a0the excess heat into cooling and running the house.<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span><br \/>NOTE Efficiency: Every AC\/DC or DC\/AC conversion adds loss. Eliminating unnecessary inverters and rectifiers improves system efficiency. TUFF+ takes direct SOLAR DC electrical supply and using it without inefficient conversion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Cost and availability: DC-native household appliances are now available via the RV supply market. Battery and DC distribution costs vs. savings from reduced inverter hours should be evaluated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Maintenance: DC systems require technicians familiar with DC safety and battery care.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview and architecture Direct-DC house (minimal AC conversion): DC from panels\/battery is distributed to DC-native loads (LED lighting, DC-DC appliances, electronics via built-in DC supplies). Very high efficiency for those loads; requires designing or replacing many household devices for DC compatibility. DC microgrid with local AC conversion: PV \u2192 MPPT charge controller \u2192 DC battery [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.27.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"rgba(61,124,57,0.17)\" custom_padding=\"0px|||||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" type=\"4_4\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_heading title=\"MgO Magnesium Oxide in Structural Insulative Panels (SIP), boards and flooring.\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" title_font=\"|800|||||||\" title_text_align=\"center\" title_text_color=\"#1A8E00\" title_text_shadow_style=\"preset4\" title_text_shadow_color=\"#333333\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_heading][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\"][et_pb_column _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" type=\"1_2\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/MgO-board.jpg\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" title_text=\"MgO board\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" box_shadow_style=\"preset2\" box_shadow_color=\"#000000\" border_radii=\"on|12px|12px|12px|12px\" border_width_all=\"1px\" max_height=\"398px\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" type=\"1_2\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/MgO-types-of-board-and-usage-including-flooring.jpg\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" title_text=\"MgO types of board and usage, including flooring\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" box_shadow_style=\"preset2\" box_shadow_color=\"#000000\" border_radii=\"on|12px|12px|12px|12px\" border_width_all=\"1px\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" type=\"4_4\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong>What is MgO board or panel?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong>MgO board, also known as magnesium oxide board, is a building material made from magnesium oxide, a mineral cement, and reinforced with fiberglass mesh, offering fire resistance, water resistance, and durability<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong>MgO has superior fire suppression characteristics when compared to portland cement, OSB, and plywood<\/strong>. <strong>MgO's water-resistant characteristics make it more resistant to mold than plywood, OSB, and gypsum board. MgO SIPs provide numerous health and safety benefits to homeowners.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003300;\">MgO itself is resistant to fire and mold and won\u2019t off-gas harmful fumes.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color=\"#EDF000\" open_toggle_background_color=\"#4f9e75\" closed_toggle_background_color=\"#082300\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" toggle_level=\"h1\" toggle_font=\"|700|||||||\" toggle_text_align=\"center\" body_font=\"|700|||||||\" body_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" body_font_size=\"18px\" hover_enabled=\"0\" toggle_text_shadow_style=\"preset4\" body_text_shadow_style=\"preset5\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Null\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" open=\"on\" custom_css_main_element=\"display:none;\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"MgO - Magnesium Oxide Board\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" open=\"on\"]<p>In the context of Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs), \"MgO\" refers to Magnesium Oxide board, which is a material used as\u00a0 SIP sheathing side layers, providing superior fire resistance, water resistance, and durability compared to traditional materials like OSB (Oriented Strand Board which is like Plywood)<\/p>\n<header class=\"eDN2HQ\">\n<div class=\"KMr0fK\">\n<div class=\"ESoZC5\">\n<div class=\"Cn7T20\" data-hook=\"post-title\">\n<h1 class=\"ZSHRp1\" data-hook=\"post-title\"><\/h1>\n<h1 class=\"ZSHRp1\" data-hook=\"post-title\">Brief History of Magnesium Oxide Boards<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<p><main class=\"joGPmB\" data-hook=\"post-description\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"moHCnT\">\n<div class=\"moHCnT\">\n<div class=\"fTEXDR\" data-rce-version=\"10.123.1\">\n<div class=\"gE0qw\" dir=\"ltr\" data-id=\"content-viewer\">\n<div class=\"kniD-\">\n<div class=\"Qxk9I\">\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p class=\"M2g-j naMKD Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\" id=\"viewer-foo\"><span class=\"iBZzo\"><span>MgO (Magnesium Oxide boards) have changed the construction sector. Even though they have been used for centuries, they are still not commonly known. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div type=\"paragraph\" data-hook=\"rcv-block2\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/266584666_Using_Magnesium_Oxide_Wallboard_as_an_Alternative_Building_Facade_Cladding_Material_in_Modern_Cairo_Buildings\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"XXkyJ Z9L1b\" data-hook=\"web-link\" title=\"Research paper on MgO\"><u>MgO panels<\/u><\/a> have a lot of advantages over other boards and panels. These boards are eco-friendly, they're extremely resistant to fire and water, and have good soundproofing properties. This makes MgO boards an excellent alternative to traditional construction materials.<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<h1 class=\"ZSHRp1\" data-hook=\"post-title\"><\/h1>\n<h1 class=\"ZSHRp1\" data-hook=\"post-title\"><\/h1>\n<h1 class=\"ZSHRp1\" data-hook=\"post-title\">First Use of Magnesium Oxide\u00a0<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p class=\"M2g-j naMKD Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\" id=\"viewer-9ukdn\"><span class=\"iBZzo\"><span>While Magnesium Oxide boards created in a facility are a relatively new invention, <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/chemistry\/magnesium-oxide\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"XXkyJ Z9L1b\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u><span>magnesium oxide<\/span><\/u><\/a><span> itself has been used in building for centuries. It was formerly used in masonry alongside mortar. Its traces canbe seen everywhere, from the Roman Empireto the Great Pyramids. It was the main construction material used for the Great Wall of China.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div type=\"empty-line\" data-hook=\"rcv-block10\"><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<div class=\"_29Yle\" id=\"viewer-5gho7\">\n<div class=\"_2xhRh\">\n<figure class=\"pZ9n0\" data-hook=\"figure-IMAGE\">\n<div role=\"button\" data-hook=\"image-viewer\" class=\"-v9Bf\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<div id=\"5gho7\" class=\"suFIY -qM37 drtqG\"><wow-image id=\"094d17_b167d80fd92a4a30b3908e5bcc30afd8~mv2.jpg\" class=\"undefined m9u7m\" data-image-info=\"{&quot;containerId&quot;:&quot;5gho7&quot;,&quot;displayMode&quot;:&quot;fill&quot;,&quot;isLQIP&quot;:true,&quot;isSEOBot&quot;:false,&quot;lqipTransition&quot;:&quot;blur&quot;,&quot;encoding&quot;:&quot;AVIF&quot;,&quot;imageData&quot;:{&quot;width&quot;:500,&quot;height&quot;:750,&quot;uri&quot;:&quot;094d17_b167d80fd92a4a30b3908e5bcc30afd8~mv2.jpg&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;displayMode&quot;:&quot;fill&quot;}}\" data-motion-part=\"BG_IMG\" data-bg-effect-name=\"\" data-has-ssr-src=\"\" data-animate-blur=\"\" data-transitioned=\"\"><img src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/094d17_b167d80fd92a4a30b3908e5bcc30afd8~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_500,h_750,al_c,q_85,enc_avif,quality_auto\/094d17_b167d80fd92a4a30b3908e5bcc30afd8~mv2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-pin-url=\"https:\/\/www.magmatrixboards.com\/post\/brief-history-of-magnesium-oxide-boards\" data-pin-media=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/094d17_b167d80fd92a4a30b3908e5bcc30afd8~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_500,h_750,al_c,q_85\/094d17_b167d80fd92a4a30b3908e5bcc30afd8~mv2.jpg\" draggable=\"false\" data-ssr-src-done=\"true\" fetchpriority=\"high\" data-load-done=\"\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" \/><\/wow-image><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p class=\"M2g-j naMKD Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\" id=\"viewer-713k\"><span class=\"iBZzo\"><span>Use of Magnesium Oxide has increased significantly this century in the form of MgO boards because prices have become competitive with OSB. It's now regarded as a leading, long-lasting building material, and favoured also for flooring because of its strength.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<h2 class=\"oc8-D _3lOcb Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"_6a-iT\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"oc8-D _3lOcb Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"_6a-iT\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"oc8-D _3lOcb Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\" id=\"viewer-3o6je\"><span class=\"_6a-iT\"><span>How are MgO Boards Made?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p class=\"M2g-j naMKD Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\" id=\"viewer-9g2hg\"><span class=\"iBZzo\"><span>MgO is made from oxygen and magnesium.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"M2g-j naMKD Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"iBZzo\"><span> Whereas it could be manufactured artificially, the majority of the magnesium carbonate we consume is naturally found and is abundant in Europe and China.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p class=\"M2g-j naMKD Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\" id=\"viewer-aph75\"><span class=\"iBZzo\"><span>It goes through a procedure in which the magnesium is combined with oxygen and then subjected to heat and pressure. Magnesium oxide is produced as a result. MgO has essentially the same characteristics as a rock after it has been heated.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"M2g-j naMKD Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"iBZzo\"><span>MgO boards are now also available in many forms including the appearance of wood or stone:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"M2g-j naMKD Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"iBZzo\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<div class=\"_29Yle\" id=\"viewer-bov1l\">\n<div class=\"_2xhRh SzlJi\">\n<figure class=\"pZ9n0\" data-hook=\"figure-IMAGE\">\n<div role=\"button\" data-hook=\"image-viewer\" class=\"-v9Bf\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<div id=\"bov1l\" class=\"suFIY -qM37 drtqG\"><wow-image id=\"094d17_8875caef6f0342d0ab4a4584e54d3d8a~mv2.jpg\" class=\"undefined m9u7m\" data-image-info=\"{&quot;containerId&quot;:&quot;bov1l&quot;,&quot;displayMode&quot;:&quot;fill&quot;,&quot;isLQIP&quot;:true,&quot;isSEOBot&quot;:false,&quot;lqipTransition&quot;:&quot;blur&quot;,&quot;encoding&quot;:&quot;AVIF&quot;,&quot;imageData&quot;:{&quot;width&quot;:552,&quot;height&quot;:552,&quot;uri&quot;:&quot;094d17_8875caef6f0342d0ab4a4584e54d3d8a~mv2.jpg&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;displayMode&quot;:&quot;fill&quot;}}\" data-motion-part=\"BG_IMG\" data-bg-effect-name=\"\" data-has-ssr-src=\"\" data-animate-blur=\"\" data-transitioned=\"\"><img src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/094d17_8875caef6f0342d0ab4a4584e54d3d8a~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_662,h_662,al_c,lg_1,q_85,enc_avif,quality_auto\/094d17_8875caef6f0342d0ab4a4584e54d3d8a~mv2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-pin-url=\"https:\/\/www.magmatrixboards.com\/post\/brief-history-of-magnesium-oxide-boards\" data-pin-media=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/094d17_8875caef6f0342d0ab4a4584e54d3d8a~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_662,h_662,al_c,lg_1,q_85\/094d17_8875caef6f0342d0ab4a4584e54d3d8a~mv2.jpg\" draggable=\"false\" data-ssr-src-done=\"true\" fetchpriority=\"high\" data-load-done=\"\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" \/><\/wow-image><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div type=\"image\" data-hook=\"rcv-block20\"><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p class=\"M2g-j naMKD Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"iBZzo\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"M2g-j naMKD Aw9ca MtnLO\" dir=\"auto\" id=\"viewer-561b1\"><span class=\"iBZzo\"><span>To make Magnesium Oxide boards for building purposes, the raw material is reduced to powder and combined with water, sulfates or Epsom salts, cellulose, perlite,\u00a0 and other building material.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/main><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Advantages of MgO SIPs\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" open=\"off\"]<ul>\n<li>Strength and Durability:<br \/>MgO boards are known for their high strength and durability, exceeding that of plywood, OSB, and particleboard.<\/li>\n<li>Fire Resistance:<br \/>MgO boards have excellent fire suppression characteristics, outperforming plywood and other common building materials.<\/li>\n<li>Water and Mold Resistance:<br \/>MgO boards are naturally resistant to water damage and mold growth, unlike plywood which can absorb moisture and deteriorate.<\/li>\n<li>Sustainability:<br \/>MgO boards are a sustainable option, as they are made from natural, mineral-based materials.<\/li>\n<li>Faster Construction:<br \/>SIPs using MgO boards can be assembled faster than traditional stick-built homes, reducing construction time.<\/li>\n<li>Reduced Waste:<br \/>MgO SIPs can help reduce construction waste compared to traditional methods.<\/li>\n<li>Improved Insulation:<br \/>MgO SIPs are airtight and insulated, leading to better energy efficiency and reduced heating\/cooling costs.<\/li>\n<li>No Harmful Off-Gassing:<br \/>Unlike OSB wood composites, which may contain formaldehyde-based glues, MgO boards are free of VOCs, promoting better indoor air quality.<\/li>\n<li>Versatility:<br \/>MgO boards can be used for various applications, including fascias, soffits, tile backers, wall and ceiling linings, and underlayment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>MgO board is generally considered stronger and more durable than OSB\/plywood, especially in the context of Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs), offering superior fire resistance, water resistance, and longevity.<\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Strength of MgO SIPs\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" open=\"off\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li>Strength and Durability:<br \/>MgO boards are known for their high strength\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>MgO Specifications:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/MgO-strength-300x137.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"137\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2146 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][et_pb_heading title=\"More about SIPs...\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" title_font=\"|700|||||||\" title_text_color=\"#1A8E00\" title_text_shadow_style=\"preset4\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color=\"#EDF000\" open_toggle_background_color=\"#4f9e75\" closed_toggle_background_color=\"#00381b\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" toggle_level=\"h1\" toggle_font=\"|700|||||||\" toggle_text_align=\"center\" body_font=\"|700|||||||\" body_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" body_font_size=\"18px\" hover_enabled=\"0\" toggle_text_shadow_style=\"preset4\" body_text_shadow_style=\"preset5\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"null\" open=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" custom_css_main_element=\"display:none;\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>A SIP is a prefabricated building panel consisting of an insulative core sandwiched between two structural facings, used for walls, roofs, and floors, offering a strong, energy-efficient, and cost-effective construction system that does not require wooden studs.<\/p>\n<div class=\"bsmXxe\" id=\"uKzuZ7-4L4K70PEP6sfxiQ4__66\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"K3KsMc\">\n<div class=\"zMgcWd dSKvsb\" data-il=\"\">\n<div data-crb-p=\"\">\n<div class=\"xFTqob\">\n<div class=\"Gur8Ad\"><span data-huuid=\"9837060494206651249\"><strong>Construction:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"vM0jzc\"><span data-huuid=\"9837060494206649986\">SIPs are manufactured in a factory, ensuring quality control and precision, and then transported to the construction site for assembly.<span jscontroller=\"JHnpme\" class=\"pjBG2e\" data-cid=\"5e98c1d6-0847-42bd-a1ef-4390922dfa91\" jsaction=\"rcuQ6b:npT2md\"><span class=\"UV3uM\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/FIREPROOF-SIP-INTERLOCK-300x251.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"251\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1908 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The structural facings used by TUFF+ are normally MgO (Magnesium Oxide) boards, which have a long history and are explained below.<\/p>\n<p>SIP Interior insulation can be a wide range of rigid insulative foams or materials including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Polyisocyanurate (polyiso) is a rigid, closed-cell foam insulation widely used in commercial and residential building construction, known for its high thermal efficiency, fire resistance, and moisture resistance.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">PU - Polyurethane<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Rockwool insulation, also known as stone wool or mineral wool, is a type of thermal insulation made from molten rock and recycled slag, offering excellent fire resistance, sound absorption, and durability.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">XPS insulation, or extruded polystyrene, is a rigid, closed-cell foam insulation material<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">EPS or extruded Polystyrene is very commonly used as SIP insulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SIP panels are pre-fabricated in a high tech<br \/>factory and shipped to the construction site, where they can be quickly assembled to form a tight, energy-efficient building envelope.<\/p>\n<p>There are now many types of SIP - TUFF+ focuses on MgO structural sides because of their strength and benefits.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/TYPES-of-SIP-300x197.jpg\" width=\"359\" height=\"236\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2114 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SIP-options-300x245.jpg\" width=\"322\" height=\"263\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2117 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"What is a Structural Insulated Panel or 'SIP'\" open=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>A SIP is a prefabricated building panel consisting of an insulative core sandwiched between two structural facings, used for walls, roofs, and floors, offering a strong, energy-efficient, and cost-effective construction system that does not require wooden studs.<\/p>\n<div class=\"bsmXxe\" id=\"uKzuZ7-4L4K70PEP6sfxiQ4__66\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"K3KsMc\">\n<div class=\"zMgcWd dSKvsb\" data-il=\"\">\n<div data-crb-p=\"\">\n<div class=\"xFTqob\">\n<div class=\"Gur8Ad\"><span data-huuid=\"9837060494206651249\"><strong>Construction:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"vM0jzc\"><span data-huuid=\"9837060494206649986\">SIPs are manufactured in a factory, ensuring quality control and precision, and then transported to the construction site for assembly.<span jscontroller=\"JHnpme\" class=\"pjBG2e\" data-cid=\"5e98c1d6-0847-42bd-a1ef-4390922dfa91\" jsaction=\"rcuQ6b:npT2md\"><span class=\"UV3uM\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/FIREPROOF-SIP-INTERLOCK-300x251.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"251\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1908 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The structural facings used by TUFF+ are normally MgO (Magnesium Oxide) boards, which have a long history and are explained below.<\/p>\n<p>SIP Interior insulation can be a wide range of rigid insulative foams or materials including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Polyisocyanurate (polyiso) is a rigid, closed-cell foam insulation widely used in commercial and residential building construction, known for its high thermal efficiency, fire resistance, and moisture resistance.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">PU - Polyurethane<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Rockwool insulation, also known as stone wool or mineral wool, is a type of thermal insulation made from molten rock and recycled slag, offering excellent fire resistance, sound absorption, and durability.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">XPS insulation, or extruded polystyrene, is a rigid, closed-cell foam insulation material<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">EPS or extruded Polystyrene is very commonly used as SIP insulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SIP panels are pre-fabricated in a high tech<br \/>factory and shipped to the construction site, where they can be quickly assembled to form a tight, energy-efficient building envelope.<\/p>\n<p>There are now many types of SIP - TUFF+ focuses on MgO structural sides because of their strength and benefits.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/TYPES-of-SIP-300x197.jpg\" width=\"359\" height=\"236\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2114 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SIP-options-300x245.jpg\" width=\"322\" height=\"263\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2117 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Advantages of Structural Insulated Panel or 'SIP'\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" open=\"off\"]<p>SIPs are prefabricated systems used primarily for walls and roofs.<\/p>\n<p>SIPs employ composite materials, reduce waste through modular construction methods, achieve high insulation values, and may be used instead of many conventional building methods. It can be used in construction as a fireproof wall<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Speed \u200b\u200bof implementation \u2013 in accordance with the principle of \"time is money\", using SIPs is a modern method of erecting buildings, reducing costs and limiting the duration of the construction process.<\/li>\n<li>Extended construction season \u2013 because there is no need for cement and plasters, construction in winter is possible<\/li>\n<li>More usable area \u2013 thinner walls and better thermal parameters allow for up to 10% more usable area compared to traditional materials<\/li>\n<li>Energy efficiency \u2013 lower building operating costs by approx. 40% compared to a traditional building<\/li>\n<li>Fire safety - greater fire safety of the building structure compared to traditional frame construction<\/li>\n<li>Tightness of structural partitions \u2013 an important element in the standard of energy-efficient and passive houses, which has a significant impact on energy consumption<\/li>\n<li>Healthy construction material \u2013 wall and structure cladding made of MgO Green boards is a barrier against the formation of mold and fungi and protects against rot and moisture<\/li>\n<li>Lower investment costs \u2013 shorter implementation time, no material losses on construction site<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"History of SIPs In Construction\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" open=\"off\"]<p>Structural Panels were first invented in the early 1940s<br \/>Famous American architect Frank Lloyd Wright was exceptionally innovative and introduced the idea of SIPs to incorporate beauty and simplicity to build cost-effective homes.<\/p>\n<p>Alden B. Dow, an architecture student of Frank LloydWright, experimented further with the concept of structural panels. He had concerns about energy efficiency and was fearful over depleting natural recourses. He sought to create a structural panel with an insulated core and is generally credited with creating the first structural insulated panel.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The first foam core SIPs were created in 1952<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In the early 1990\u2019s advanced computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technology was developed <br \/>that allowed cutting machines to fabricate SIPs to match a building\u2019s <br \/>specific design.<\/li>\n<li>Since 2000, the market for SIPs has been growing, driven by increasing demand for energy-efficient and sustainable construction materials.<\/li>\n<li>There is an organization that guides SIP development in North America: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sips.org\/frequently-asked-questions-about-sips\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Click to view Frequently Asked Questions about SIPs\">https:\/\/www.sips.org\/frequently-asked-questions-about-sips<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Today, SIPs offer a high-tech solution for residential and nonresidential buildings, including multistory building applications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"5px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Example Usage of MgO in Structural Insulated Panels (SIP)\" image=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/MgO-SIP-wall-panel-layout-1.jpg\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" header_font=\"|700|||||||\" header_text_align=\"center\" title_text=\"MgO SIP wall panel layout\" content_max_width=\"941px\" border_radii_image=\"on|11px|11px|11px|11px\" border_width_all_image=\"1px\" box_shadow_style_image=\"preset2\" box_shadow_color_image=\"#000d1c\"]<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #003300;\">SIPs are described in detail here:<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #993300;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/announcements\/sip\/\" style=\"color: #993300; text-decoration: underline;\">https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/announcements\/sip\/<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_video src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/INTERLOCK-SIP-building.mp4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" max_width=\"61%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_heading title=\"MgO Boards vs. Other Materials\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" title_font=\"|700|||||||\" title_text_color=\"#1A8E00\" title_text_shadow_style=\"preset4\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color=\"#EDF000\" open_toggle_background_color=\"#4f9e75\" closed_toggle_background_color=\"#002600\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" toggle_level=\"h1\" toggle_font=\"|700|||||||\" toggle_text_align=\"center\" body_font=\"|700|||||||\" body_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" body_font_size=\"18px\" hover_enabled=\"0\" toggle_text_shadow_style=\"preset4\" body_text_shadow_style=\"preset5\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"null\" open=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" custom_css_main_element=\"display:none;\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>A SIP is a prefabricated building panel consisting of an insulative core sandwiched between two structural facings, used for walls, roofs, and floors, offering a strong, energy-efficient, and cost-effective construction system that does not require wooden studs.<\/p>\n<div class=\"bsmXxe\" id=\"uKzuZ7-4L4K70PEP6sfxiQ4__66\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"K3KsMc\">\n<div class=\"zMgcWd dSKvsb\" data-il=\"\">\n<div data-crb-p=\"\">\n<div class=\"xFTqob\">\n<div class=\"Gur8Ad\"><span data-huuid=\"9837060494206651249\"><strong>Construction:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"vM0jzc\"><span data-huuid=\"9837060494206649986\">SIPs are manufactured in a factory, ensuring quality control and precision, and then transported to the construction site for assembly.<span jscontroller=\"JHnpme\" class=\"pjBG2e\" data-cid=\"5e98c1d6-0847-42bd-a1ef-4390922dfa91\" jsaction=\"rcuQ6b:npT2md\"><span class=\"UV3uM\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/FIREPROOF-SIP-INTERLOCK-300x251.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"251\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1908 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The structural facings used by TUFF+ are normally MgO (Magnesium Oxide) boards, which have a long history and are explained below.<\/p>\n<p>SIP Interior insulation can be a wide range of rigid insulative foams or materials including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Polyisocyanurate (polyiso) is a rigid, closed-cell foam insulation widely used in commercial and residential building construction, known for its high thermal efficiency, fire resistance, and moisture resistance.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">PU - Polyurethane<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Rockwool insulation, also known as stone wool or mineral wool, is a type of thermal insulation made from molten rock and recycled slag, offering excellent fire resistance, sound absorption, and durability.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">XPS insulation, or extruded polystyrene, is a rigid, closed-cell foam insulation material<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">EPS or extruded Polystyrene is very commonly used as SIP insulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SIP panels are pre-fabricated in a high tech<br \/>factory and shipped to the construction site, where they can be quickly assembled to form a tight, energy-efficient building envelope.<\/p>\n<p>There are now many types of SIP - TUFF+ focuses on MgO structural sides because of their strength and benefits.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/TYPES-of-SIP-300x197.jpg\" width=\"359\" height=\"236\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2114 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SIP-options-300x245.jpg\" width=\"322\" height=\"263\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2117 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Mgo is better than the following  building materials\" open=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><span>Magnesium oxide boards have have many advantages over other construction materials, in this section you can see the advantages outlined.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Portland Cement\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" open=\"off\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><span>Portland cement lacks water-resistant and fire-suppressing capabilities. Plus, MgO leaves a smaller carbon footprint compared to cement. And although Portland cement is recognizably strong, MgO has a higher rating on impact strength even though it is considerably lighter in weight.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Plywood\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" open=\"on\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><span>MgO is undoubtedly safer than plywood as a construction material. Plywood is not flame resistant and could quickly spread fire it is not water resistant, making it susceptible to moisture that could grow mould and vulnerable to water damage.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Oriented strand board (OSB)\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" open=\"off\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><span>When it comes to safety, MgO ranks much higher than OSB. (OSB is an engineered wood panel made by bonding thin, rectangular wood chips\/strands together using waterproof adhesives, and arranged in cross-oriented layers)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The OSB releases formaldehyde, a dangerous toxin. It is not fire resistant nor is it resistant to moisture and termites.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The major disadvantage of OSB is that\u00a0<b>if it gets exposed to significant amounts of water or moisture, the edges expand by up to 15%<\/b><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Gypsum or %22dry wall%22\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" open=\"off\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><span>Gypsum fly ash releases toxins when cut and lacks water-resistant and fire-suppressing capabilities..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Gypsum is not water resistant, making it susceptible to moisture that grows mould and it is vulnerable to water damage.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" header_text_color=\"#023B77\" text_text_color=\"#003d00\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">What is the composition of MgO?<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Magnesium oxide board is made of natural materials such as inorganic substances, plant fibres. It is eco-friendly, healthy, and pollution-free, with no asbestos, formaldehyde and radiation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Magnesium oxide is a natural non-toxic inorganic mineral. It is calcined and pulverized into powders and mixed in the magnesium chloride solution.<br \/>Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is added to the magnesium oxide powder to create an aqueous solution. It is stirred until it becomes cement slurry.<br \/>Perlite (PO4) is a type of obsidian, which is a vitric rock cooled rapidly from lava in volcanic eruption. It is widely used as an insulating material and added to magnesium oxide boards to enhance its fire resistance.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Naturals fibers are mixed into the cement slurry and acts as an adhesive to assist the overall performance of the product.<br \/>Non-woven fabric is composed of directional or random fibres, with moisture-proof, breathable, flexible and other characteristics.<br \/>Fiberglass mesh is an inorganic non-metallic material with excellent performance, which increases the strength and toughness in the board.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[50,55,61],"tags":[67,68],"class_list":["post-2246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-announcements","category-tuff-information","category-tuff-products","tag-mgo","tag-sip"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2246"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2255,"href":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2246\/revisions\/2255"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tuffplus.global\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}